Military Doctrine Defines Logistics As The Science Of...

Military doctrine defines logistics as ‘the science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces’.1 Logistics is the applied art of moving armies and providing for the provision of support to keep that army moving or in location. It is a continuous and never ending operation. For the purposes of this paper it may be taken that a focus on the art of sustainment — that is, the actual process of maintaining an army during operations, with a smaller focus on the administrative side. Some parts of the administration side will not be looked at in this paper, these include record keeping, discipline and medical provision. In this paper, however, I shall be concentrating on what the major logistical issues confronting†¦show more content†¦What was the available transport by land, river or sea? What was the length, security and nature of communication lines? However, this biggest questions were concerned with the welfare of the soldier, what were they going to eat? What weapons were available? How were they going to be cared for? These were the questions that if not dealt with appropriately would rapidly decrease the effectiveness of the army.1 First of all, the most important part of logistics, the sustenance and hydration of the soldiers needs to be considered. In short what were they going to eat and drink throughout the campaign? The methods changed quite notably throughout the time period, this having some relationship to the size of armies, although this will be covered at a later time. The first method of both feeding the army and drawing the enemy from their fortifications was the chevauchee, essentially an armed raid, typified by pillage, burning, rape and murder, essentially destroying everything in its path. An example of this would be Edward III, who ravaged France, both surviving in enemy territory and also compelling Phillip to fight in open combat. The chevauchee can be seen as an effective form of feeding small armies, however any great army would have trouble acquiring the sheer amount necessary for its survival. Following the decline of the chevauchee and an increase in army

Government play important role in industry Free Essays

The word industry broadly refers to any form of economic activity. Most countries in this world, they have their own industries Just in different types. There are four types of industries such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary industries. We will write a custom essay sample on Government play important role in industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, in order to develop economic in each countries, the government in those countries play an important role in deciding on the types of industries suitable for its economy, their location and the growth of these industries. First, the government have to think about the types of industries in their country because it depends on their physical factors. For example, Cambodia country, its lands are good for agriculture, so the government try to encourage people to do more on this type of industry. As we can know that Cambodia good at growing crops, it means that we can export our production to other countries to develop our economic well. One more thing is that, there are many tourism site in here, so the government try to advertise and protect about those places to get more tourist to visit. It means that we can also get benefit from this industry as well. Moreover, for other countries, theirs lands are not quite well about agriculture, but they have natural resources, so they focus more on how to use their natural resources usefully into their Industry. Second, about the location of each industries, there are many points to think about such as energy, raw material, and human resource. Before all industries should be built. For energy, it refers to the power needed to run machines such as computers, equipment for operation, lighting, and so on, so If that location has no electricity, how can those industries work. Furthermore, about law material, If the industries are far from the raw material resources, the owner of those Industries have to spend much money to Import them from somewhere and It takes long time to transport them to the industry. In addition, an Industry needs many workers so by locating close to a resource employment Is made easier. Third, the government also the one who helps the growth of Industries. This point Is mainly focused In the assistance of government over the Incentives for the Industries with taxation, peaceful country,and strict law of commerce. By taxation, the governments should not take much tax from the Investors that come to do business In their country, Just take maybe 20 to 30 percent from the original price. Plus, the government have to make sure that their country are peace by having no war or any problems, so Investors will come to their countries more and more because they will feel secure whenever they come. Last, the overspent have to set the strict law of commerce. When the government can do that, they can make the Investors feel reliable In those government by having no cheating on others. In short, all Industries are the mall part In helping to develop economic In every countries. That’s why the government have to stand up to update their Industries by thinking of types of Industries, location as well as the growth of Industries In order to run the economic smoothly. They focus more on how to use their natural resources usefully into their industry. Equipment for operation, lighting, and so on, so if that location has no electricity, how from the raw material resources, the owner of those industries have to spend much money to import them from somewhere and it takes long time to transport them to the industry. In addition, an industry needs many workers so by locating close to a resource employment is made easier. Helps the growth of industries. This point is mainly focused in the assistance of government over the incentives for the industries with taxation, peaceful country,and he investors that come to do business in their country, Just take maybe 20 to 30 country are peace by having no war or any problems, so investors will come to their that, they can make the investors feel reliable in those government by having no In short, all industries are the main part in helping to develop economic in every countries. That’s why the government have to stand up to update their industries by thinking of types of industries, location as well as the growth of industries in order to run the economic smoothly. How to cite Government play important role in industry, Essays

The Corporate Travelers An Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Travelers An Business. Answer: Introduction The corporate travelers are the ones who undertake travel for business purposes within the country or undertake international travel (Sherry, 2015). They have specific requirements and priorities and they undertake the travel strictly for official purposes. The objective of this research is to identify the features of the corporate travelers and their purchasing pattern of the travel services. This research would strive to understand the needs and preferences of the target market. The problem statement of the research is to understand, identify and conclude about the different characteristics of the selected target market. There are not sufficient numbers of studies that have been undertaken and hence it is important to analyze this segment of the market. The significance of this research is that it would help in the development of a clear picture of the corporate travelers. The research questions for this research is identified as below- What are the characteristics of the corporate travelers? What are the needs and preferences of the corporate travelers? How is the nature of the buying behavior of the corporate travelers? Literature Review As opined by Bunn (2014), the typical corporate travelers are characterized by a high degree of travel in the business districts of the respective countries. The average age of the business travelers is 38 years and most of the target market is college-educated (Memarzadeh, Blum Adams, 2015). It has been observed that the corporate travelers are mainly urban male, who are working with the multinational companies located mainly in the urban as well as semi-urban areas. The median income of this kind of target market is usually higher than that of the other sections of the demographics (Truong Hall, 2017). Almost 80 percent of the corporate travelers use technology so that they can stay connected while they are travelling. The corporate travelers are the ones who are usually above 35 years of age and they are comfortable travelling in various geographical locations (Memarzadeh, Blum Adams, 2015). The corporate travelers usually take on an average of 12 trips every year. The usual duration of the trips is around four days. However, with the increasing number of campus recruitments, there are an increasing number of young graduates that are getting placed in the corporate environment (Memarzadeh, Blum Adams, 2015). They usually are anxious and they travel to international location for various on-site projects. The maximum travel takes place with the employees that are employed with the multinational companies. The multinational companies have their offices all around the world and hence there is an increase in the corporate travelers (Memarzadeh, Blum Adams, 2015). Most of the young recruits who are corporate travelers are employed in the information technology sector, in which there is maximum number of travel that takes place in the foreign locations. These kinds of travelers are likely to travel to the foreign location and stays overnight in paid accommodation for single day or a couple of days or couple of years. Situation Analysis The current situation of the corporate travelers is booming and there are tremendous possibilities of an increase in this market segment. Since the last few decades, this travel population was in infancy (Memarzadeh, Blum Adams, 2015). However, at present, this travel group is considered as the most lucrative travel segment. The corporate travelers have unique range of needs, which differentiates them from the traditional leisure travelers. The travel managers are booking more and more number of business travels for their employees so that there is smooth business functioning. There has been an overall spending of $1.25 trillion on global business travel, as recorded by the Global Business Travel Association (Gustafson, 2014). This figure of the corporate travelers is expected to grow at around 6% every year. The problem statement would be analyzed with the help of primary as well as secondary data. This would help in the maximum utilization of the existing knowledge and the finding of new insights into this particular target market. Research Methodology The research methodology would comprise of the combination of both the primary as well as secondary method of data collection. The various modes of the secondary sources would help in the better understanding of the nature and the type of the selected target market. The primary target market would help in the understanding of the actual characteristics of the corporate travelers. Sources of information The secondary sources of information would include the journals, magazines, literary works,marketing publications, government publications and various newspaper articles (Hewson Stewart, 2016). This kind of data was originally collected for some research purpose; however, they would be used in this research to understand the trends of the corporate travelers. The secondary data sources would be selected based on the information that is provided by them. The criteria for choosing the specific secondary data sources is that it should give adequate information about the corporate travelers and their pattern of travel. The different marketing journals should be consulted for collecting secondary data such as Journal of Marketing,International Marketing Review, Journal of Marketing Research and Marketing Science (Hunt, 2014). Primary Research Method The primary research method was done with the actual data collected from the field. A set of three hotels was taken under consideration and a sample size of 6 was chosen for this study. Two managers were selected from each of the three hotels and they were subjected to a set of three questions. The managers of the hotels had in-depth knowledge regarding the different types of corporate travelers as they are well-acquainted with them. Findings The three questions in the open ended questionnaire provided insightful thoughts in the decision-making process of the managers. The results derived from the primary data analysis The findings from the secondary data sources show that consumers are more inclined to make purchases in the months of January to April. They also prefer to get luxury services for the amount they are paying. They have friendly attitude and they are price insensitive. Interpretation of results The results indicate that most of the managers think that this kind of target market is highly active in the social media channels. Around 20% of the managers feel that they are high mobile users, followed by they set travel goals. A chunk of the participants indicate that target market is always connected to the real world and they stay calm in panic situations. A large portion of the managers feel that there are two basic needs of the corporate travelers such as high speed internet access in their hotels and in-house restaurants in the hotel. This indicates that the corporate travelers are in dire needs of the wifi or other sources of internet as this would help them to do their job in a better way. The managers also witnessed that this business segment needs Table and Chairs, Bright lighting, Room Service, insulated rooms and pick up-drop services that would help their stay fruitful. The secondary target market continues to buy the travel services irrespective of the cost of trave lling or cost of hotel stay. Target market profile The target market profile has been analyzed in the following table- Corporate Traveler Features Age 38 years old Education Graduate/Post-graduates Living in Urban and semi-urban areas Employed in Multinational corporations Number of trips per calendar year 12 trips/year Conclusion The corporate traveler is the booming market segment of the modern professional world. The access to high speed internet is one of the most important needs of this class of the target market. This target market is always active on their mobile phones and they are highly active in the social media channels. The needs, preferences and the features of target market have been successfully defined. References Bunn, W. B. (2014). Assessing risk and improving travel vaccine programs for business travelers. Gustafson, P. (2014). Business travel from the travellers perspective: stress, stimulation and normalization.Mobilities,9(1), 63-83. Hewson, C., Stewart, D. W. (2016).Internet research methods. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Hunt, S. D. (2014).Marketing theory: foundations, controversy, strategy, and resource-advantage theory. Routledge. Memarzadeh, F., Blum, S. C., Adams, C. (2015). The impact of positive and negative e-comments on business travelers intention to purchase a hotel room.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,6(3), 258-270. Sherry, L. (2015). A method for quantifying travel productivity for corporate travel managers.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, 118-124. Truong, V. D., Hall, C. M. (2017). Corporate social marketing in tourism: to sleep or not to sleep with the enemy?.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,25(7), 884-902.

Josef Mengele Angele Of Death Essays - Nazi Germany, Josef Mengele

Josef Mengele Angele Of Death Josef Mengele was a cruel and very henious man. He ripped twins right from thier mothers arms. Mengele was the seletor at Auschwitz ( now don't get confused , he was only in charge of the womens'selections the mens' camp was called Birkenuea) and was nicknamed by the camps inmates , ANGELE OF DEATH, he was nicknamed this for he choosed who was to live and who was to die. Often the twins of his expirements were permanatly or severly damaged , sometimes even killed and dissected. Those who survived Mengeles' expiriments' , were usally severly or permanately damaged and tramatized for the rest of thier lives. The twins' in Mengeles' labatory were given extra rations' and sometimes even chocolate. Some recall Mengele as a nice man that gave them extra rations and Chocolates', but this was only because they were taken from thier family at a young age and saw Mengele as a father figure.They had no knowledge of what Mengele was doing outside of the labratory. Science Essays

Reflexive pronoun Essay Example

Reflexive pronoun Essay Example Reflexive pronoun Essay Reflexive pronoun Essay The students will give advice to he senders letter using reflexive pronouns. Materials and Equipment Projector and laptop Whiteboard pen Copies of the interviews page Mirror Copies of the senders letter Papers Candies Carolina Procedures Warm-up T (Bring a mirror to class and hold it up to a student and ask) What do you see As (answers will vary) T (If they dont prompt them) Do you see yourself (Elicit a response that uses a reflexive pronoun) Yes, see myself. T If I put this mirror in front of Zulu, do you think she will see herself As Yes T Would you agree that a mirror itself is fragile, even though its frame might be strong As Yes T Why do you think people like to look at themselves in a mirror As (gnawer will vary) T When we look in a mirror, do we tend to be critical or positive about ourselves (Do this a few times until curiosity is piqued). T Have you notice the words myself, yourself, themselves, etc. What part of speech they are (Write the term reflexive pronoun on the board. Underneath the word reflexive, write the word reflects as a mnemonic and state, A reflexive pronoun reflects back on its antecedent noun or pronoun). Grammar Focus T What comes into your mind when you ear the word reflexive pronouns As (Vary their answers) T (The teacher will define reflexive pronouns and mention the singular and plural reflexive pronouns. It will be posted in the board. Also the teacher will discuss thoroughly when to use reflexive pronouns ) During the Speaking (As warm- up, these questions will be written on a Carolina). T What the best kind of job for you What the best kind of work environment What the best type of boss to have As (Let the students think about jobs they have now or jobs they hope to have in the future as they discuss their answers to the questions on he board). T This afternoon, wanton to group yourselves into two groups based on the candy that you picked. (Two kinds of candies are placed at the entrance of the room and each student should pick one candy at the beginning of the session). You will conduct an interview within your group. (Give the paper to each group) I will give you 7 miss. O answer the questions). (After the activity) T Cathy, what job do you imagine yourself ten years from now As (Cathy will answer) T (The teacher writes Catchy answer). T Now, its your turn to share your dreams based from your answers in the given interviews page. Who wants to volunteer As (The students will participate) T Good job everyone I hope that 5-10 years from now you will fulfill your drea ms. Reading and Writing Activity T At this point, we will read about a letter of a call center agent seeking for an advice. In pairs, want you to read the letter silently. Then, in the second time, read the letter with a sad voice (chorally and with background music). (Distributes the senders letter) As (The students will read the letter aloud) T What advice can you give to the sender In the same group write your advice to the sender using reflexive pronouns thin 5 miss. As (They will group themselves and share their pieces of advice to their group mates) T In your group select the best advice and have a representative to share it in class. As (Present their advice to the class) T Good job class I hope you learn now how to use reflexive pronouns correctly. Assignment Work with pair and write a problem about your lovelier and let your partner give the advice. Be sure to apply what youve learned in reflexive pronouns. Appendix A Reflexive pronouns are used when a person or thing is referring to the same person or thing. The reflexive pronouns are Singular yesess lam disfranchisement play the piano. Be careful with that knife. Horrifying stressful. Reflexive pronoun can be used as direct object with most transitive verbs, but these are the most common. amusebIamecutdryenjoyhelphurtintroducekillpreparesatisfyteachBut some overbalances their meaninglessly when they have a reflexive pronoun as direct object Examples Would you like to help yourself to another drink Would you like to take another drink wish the children would behave themselves-I wish the children would behave well. He found himself lying by the side of the road. He was surprised when he realized that he was at the side of the road. Take Note We denotes a reflexive pronoun after verbs which describe things people usually for themselves, such swash, shave,and dress Examples He washed himself in cold water. He always shaved himself before going out in the evenings He dressed himself spite of his injuries. She old enough wash herself. Sincerest objectives tinctured objects Thessaly outstretches the verb. (Projected on the board) Examples Would you like to pour-yourself drinkers broughtourselvessomething to eat. As Thebes of a prepositions the objectifies outstretches clause. (Projected on the board) Examples They had to coffer themselves. He was feeling very sorry himself. Warning But we use personal pronouns, not reflexives, petrifactions of place Examples He had a suitableness him. And featherweight it unaccompanied by She had a few friendships her. With the propositioning we want toyshop that someone did something alone and/or without any help Examples He lividly himself an enormous house. She walked homeboy herself. Give more examples class. Deemphasize person or thing we are referring to Examples Kendal itself quite a small town. Especially if we are talking about someone very famous Sir Paul McCarty whimsicalness the final song. We often put the reflexive pronoun at the end of the clause when we are using it for emphasis Examples Baked the breastfeeds. Segmented the car herself Appendix B Interviews Page Student A Gem, what job do you imagine yourself ten years from now Student B I imagine myself being the dean of College of Arts and Sciences in Sicilian University ten years from now. Student A Gem imagines herself being the dean of College of Arts and Sciences in Sicilian University ten years from now. Questions Name Sentences . What job do you imagine yourself having someday. What kind of work environment do you see yourself inn. Would you like a job where you can give yourself time off whenever you need tit. Would you rather work by yourself or work on a team. Do you want a job here you constantly challenge yourself. What kind of work would make you feel proud of yourself. Can you push yourself to work hard, or do you need someone else to push you.

Essay on Natural Disasters Covering PTSD and Survivor Syndrome

Essay on Natural Disasters Covering PTSD and Survivor Syndrome Essay on Natural Disasters Covering PTSD and Survivor Syndrome The survivor syndrome, or as it is sometimes called the survivor guilt, is a psychological disorder which first was discovered in in 1960s during the examination of Holocaust victims. Recently it has been changed from a separate independent diagnosis to a symptom of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). It usually appears after a person goes through a very stressful experience like a terrorist attack, war, or natural disaster. The most vivid symptoms of this mental condition are depression, sleep pattern disruptions, nightmares, anxiety, physical weakness, etc. Why is studying this particular psychological disorder important? Just in 2017 there were massive floods in China (144 people killed) and Peru (150 people killed), an earthquake in Mexico (225 people killed), wildfires in California (40 people killed), hurricanes Irma and Harvey, naming just the biggest natural disasters. This topic will always be of great interest because we never know which catastrophe will happen tomorrow, and we must always be ready to handle the consequences and victims properly. That’s why writing an essay on natural disasters covering PTSD and survivor guilt is significant not only for your academic success, but for the whole field of psychological studies in general. Moreover, it’s essential to use the most up-to-date research findings and data. But don’t worry about that – we’ve got it covered here. 1. Comparison of Simulated Treatment and Cost-effectiveness of a Stepped Care Case-Finding Intervention vs Usual Care for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After a Natural Disaster Year: 2017 Link: http://bit.ly/2xtjfvl This work regards stepped care in terms of helping people with PTSD caused by natural disasters. It proves the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of SC in comparison with other types of cares. 2. Optimizing Clinical Thresholds for PTSD: Extending the DSM-5 Preschool Criteria to School-Age Children Year: 2017 Link: http://bit.ly/2y21Jd6 La Greca, the author of the study, reveals how it is possible to promptly notice children influenced by the natural disasters who have symptoms of PTSD. 3. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Disasters: a Systematic Review Year: 2007 Link: http://bit.ly/2z3Ghtl The researches investigate how different types of disasters (natural, technological, human-made, etc.) can cause different types of PTSD. This is an extensive study that covers the timeframe from 1980 till 2007. 4. Incidence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Population Affected by a Severe Flood Year: 2016 Link: http://bit.ly/2laKKUN The research studies the most problematic outcomes of PTSD that appear after floods in areas prone to severe rainfalls in order to minimize them in the future and quickly improve public health after natural disasters. 5. Longitudinal Course of Disaster-Related PTSD among a Prospective Sample of Adult Chilean Natural Disaster Survivors Year: 2017 Link: http://bit.ly/2ivPFyM Here you can find out whether psychiatric disorders that already exist can impact the PTSD after a natural disaster. The study was conducted on the basis of 6 European countries and Chile over the period of 2001-2010. Use these research information in order to write a proficient essay on natural disasters. They will add up more weight to your words and make your statements more powerful. So, start writing right now!

Technological advancement or invention from 1815 to present Essay

Technological advancement or invention from 1815 to present - Essay Example Discussion Air conditioning was first conceptualized in the tradition of refrigeration. Refrigeration came about due to the need to preserve foods (Air Conditioning Systems). It was discovered that by keeping the temperature around food at below 4 degrees Celsius, it was possible to reduce the growth of bacteria and to prevent food spoilage. From the development of refrigeration, air conditioning came about. The basic foundations of refrigeration seen in 1824 indicated that liquefied ammonia could cool the air when it is evaporated (Air Conditioning Systems). These foundations laid the groundwork for the invention of the commercially available air conditioning units. The need for air conditioning was seen because industrialists saw the need to reduce air temperature in their industries. In 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first electrical air conditioning unit (Air Conditioning Systems). At that time, his invention was very much relevant in the manufacturing process of a pr inting plant where controlled temperature and humidity assisted in making the printing process more efficient because it maintained consistency in the paper size and ink alignment (Air Conditioning Systems). ... Carrier’s legacy was soon improved and conceptualized for its human suitability. However, not until 1928, with the discovery of Freon by Thomas Midgley, Jr. was the home use of air conditioning considered (Air Conditioning Systems). Freon was considered a safer and less toxic refrigerant. The invention of the Freon followed the more widespread of the air conditioner as its use was then seen in The White House in the 1930s; and in the 1940s and 1950s, its demand would continue to increase for many homes (Air Conditioning Systems). With these demands, the air conditioner also took on various physical changes, with its build being made smaller. Moreover, improvements to the technology integrated changes which included its applicability as a heating mechanism during winter months. Carrier patented his ‘apparatus for treating air’ in 1906. The term air conditioning was actually not Carrier’s term. It was coined and introduced by Stuart Cramer in a patent he file d in 1906 for a device he invented which incorporated water vapor to the air in textile plants (Bellis). Willis Haviland Carrier shared his Rational Psychometric Formula with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1911 and this formula is still being used in the air conditioning industry today (Bellis). Due to Carrier’s invention, industries were able to operate well because they now had the ability to control temperature and humidity levels while operating their machineries and carrying out their work processes. Different industries like film, tobacco, processed meats, medical capsules, textiles, and other products were able to carry out their processes well without fear of straining their machineries and other equipment (Bellis). In 1921, Carrier patented the centrifugal

Modern Dance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern Dance - Research Paper Example Dance is part of every society’s practice and is the barometer of livelihood in America. Dance capturers an array of aspects that include social-political issues; fundamental in the spiritual realm; preservation of culture and social interactions. The spirit of independence, taking risks, experimentation of new ideas and persistence are some of the aspect that assists in making modern dance. This form of dance has an irreplaceable touchstone and a national wealth. It is primarily occasioned because of a wide range of movement vocabularies, choreographic impulses and social-cultural issues (Martin, John, 1989). Since early 1990, during the debut of American modern dance, citizens show immense support for the dance. Consequently, United States of America exports the culture abroad by using it as an important ambassador. The dance passes from one generation to the next through a series of new works of danced. Generational rebellion against mentors induces innovation and in the process the dance is preserve. Modern dance is a continually evolving desire to understand and share the potential of human movements (Martin, John, 1989). As a result modern dance cannot take a neat definition. However, the origin of American modern dance is traced from the concepts of idealism and rebellion. Therefore, utopian notions of the liberty of the body and character, and the desire for self-expression guide the direction take by modern dance in America. American people credit the beginning of modern dance to Isadora Duncan (1877-1927). As a result of amateurish kinds of ballet spectacles and famous entertainments known to Americans, Isadora reacted against the moves (Anderson & Janet, 2004). Consequently, Duncan unleashed a natural way of movement by elevating dance to a serious form of art that expresses ideas and emotions (Duncan, Isadora, and Sheldon Cheney. 1928). Many pictures of Duncan’s dresses document her while running barefoot,

The Ozone Layer and how it effects Earth Essay Example for Free

The Ozone Layer and how it effects Earth Essay The ozone layer is a region of concentration of the ozone (O3) molecule in the Earths atmosphere. The layer sits at an altitude of about 10 to 50 kilometers, with a maximum concentration in the stratosphere at an altitude of approximately 25 kilometers. In recent years, scientists have measured a seasonal thinning of the ozone layer primarily at the South Pole. This phenomenon is being called the ozone hole. The ozone layer naturally shields Earths life from the harmful effects of the suns ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A severe decrease in the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer could lead to the effects of an increase in the incidence of skin cancer (UV radiation can destroy acids in DNA), a large increase in cataracts and sun burning, suppression of immune systems in organism, adverse impact on crops and animals, reduction in the growth of phytoplankton found in the Earths oceans, and cooling of the Earths stratosphere and possibly some surface climate effect. Ozone is created naturally in the stratosphere by the combining of atomic oxygen (O) with molecular oxygen (O2). This process is activated by sunlight. Ozone is destroyed naturally by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation, and by the collision of ozone with other atmospheric atoms and molecules. Since the late 1970s, scientists have discovered that stratospheric ozone amounts over Antarctica in springtime (September November) have decreased by as much as 60 %. Satellite measurements (NIMBUS 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) have indicated a 3 % decrease in ozone between 65Â ° North 65Â ° South since 1978. A reduction of about 3 % per year has been measured for Antarctica where most of the ozone loss is occurring globally. During the late 1990s, large losses of ozone were recorded above Antarctica year after year in the months of September and August. In some years, spring levels of stratospheric ozone were more than 50 % lower than the levels recorded months prior to the seasonal development of the hole.

Genetics Engineering :: essays research papers

Genetics Engineering   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hollywood has been showing it to us for years. Frankenstein, The Six Million Dollar Man, Jurassic Park, etc.; the list goes on. All these movies show man's instinct to create. This fiction of playing God in recent years is becoming a reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1952, deoxyribonucleic acid was discovered(Dewitt, 1994). The spiral staircase molecule, DNA. DNA is the building block of life. This block holds the code for every aspect of any life on the planet Earth. DNA decides whether one life will be a plant or rhinoceros. DNA also carries the information that tells how smart, creative, bossy, shy, athletic, or any other description you can think of. The secret code of DNA would prove to be invaluable. This is the reason the Human Genome Project has been started. Scientist around the world are using super computers to crack the code. This 15 year project is predicted to end by the year 2005(Dewitt, 1994). That is only 10 years from now. What does that mean to the average Joe?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, today we already live with genetically engineered items. The FDA has approved bioengineered tomatoes that ripen without rotting(Dewitt, 1994). Entire herds of cattle are now being injected with a growth hormone(BST) so that they will produce more milk than ordinary cattle(Dewitt, 1994). Also drought resistance grass that needs no moving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientists will soon be able to collect DNA from endangered species. This DNA could be used to clone more condors, bald eagle, mountain gorillas, and many other animals. Totally extinct animals may be recreated as well, i.e. Jurassic Park. Imagine having your own dodo bird or pet triceratops.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many types of diseases will be cured. Just take out the gene that giving you the problem. Pure panacea. As soon as a baby is born his or hers parents will know everything about him or her. If they will be artistic. Will she get breast cancer? Will he be tall or short? Is he a genius. Ten years from 2005, these questions won't even have to be asked. Made to order babies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Made to order babies?!? Is this where we are headed? It's only a matter of time before a president's hair clippings are swept up at a barbershop and then used to detect what diseases he has or is susceptible to. The rich may one day be able to obtain â€Å"immortality† by cloning themselves. I couldn't picture three Donald Trumps all thinking the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is even a darker side to this. Governments may decide to create super soldiers. Killing machines with top physical and mental prowess. This was the dream of Adolf Hitler himself.

Southern United States and White People

DBQ Essay Many African Americans gained freedom of slavery from 1775 to 1830 during the same period the institution of slavery was expanded. Slavery was expanded because of the profits from growing cotton and the industrialization the North had. Although there were free African Americans in America, they were still mocked. (Doc . I) The people during this time period were still ignorant and were not enlightened. David Walker was a free African American who proposed to white people since it was quite similar to the American Revolution. (Doc.J) Walker showed the white people that African Americans deserved freedom. Some slaves did not want to wait for the white people to grant them there freedom, so therefore they took action to gain that freedom. (Doc. G) As the African American took action, Nat Turner started his own riot and killed about 50 people. This would be the reason why slaves should not be given freedom since they were violent. During the earlier time period, indentured serv ants were offered by the British with freedom in America if they joined the British. (Doc.A) This was agreeable to the slaves because they were no longer helpless. However, slaves attempted to runaway because the price was high to gain freedom. The British lost the war and did not keep the promise for slaves. The slaves were seen as savages; they would be in danger in society but also to themselves if they were freed. (Doc. E) If slaves were freed, the white and African Americans would not be getting along because there are not planters. In Doc. C, the picture showed the difference between the percentages of the slaves from 1790 to 1830.The North did have enough industry so they had to let go some of the slaves. The South gained a lot of slaves in order to keep their industry wealthy. In the south slaves were used on plantations to grow their cotton, tobacco, and sugar. There were many challenges that led both slaves and free African Americans to work hard to gain their freedom. The y had some help with the North as well. Without the three groups, King Cotton, King Wheat, and King Corn, working together, slavery would have been continuing for the longest time.

And Learning English With The Help Of Computers Education Essay

This survey attempts to research and analyze the function of computing machines in the procedure of instruction and larning English in an Argentinean private school of English. The chief purpose is to look into and understand the usage of computing machines in the schoolroom and to detect whether they contribute to further the procedure of larning English. The different instruction state of affairss are examined every bit good as the activities carried out in the schoolroom and the pupil ‘s and teacher ‘s functions. The environments in which pupils learn and the ways in which people work and live are invariably being transformed by bing and emerging engineerings. Hence, technological alterations appears to act upon everyone in society and dispute the traditional procedure of instruction and acquisition, every bit good as the manner in which instruction is managed. The outgrowth of the wireless, telecasting, tape participants and pictures became of import resources for instructors to back up their lessons and the same occurred in the 1970ss and 1880ss when personal computing machines reached the markets. It seems to be utile to transport out this research in order to happen the advantages that engineering, particularly computing machines, offers to education sing two groups of scholars from two different school of English in Olavarria, which is a metropolis in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Many theories have been presented by assorted researches and there is still controversy among this subject. Therefore, diging into such of import facets is indispensable to be experimented in order to explicate our ain decisions. This paper will be aimed at garnering meaningful findings which may assist instructors in general to get down sing the usage of computing machines and the Internet in the different schoolrooms. ( alteration or accommodate ) Warschauer ( 1996 ) suggests that engineering turned out to be an indispensable tool in instruction as it provides pupils with valuable connexions with instructors, other schools and students, every bit good as a broad web of professionals around the Earth. Nowadays, these important engineerings are used in instruction in order to better it and do pupils take full advantage of them. However, furthering the usage of computing machines seems to be complex issue to be implemented in Argentinean ‘s schoolrooms due to the deficiency of resources. As a consequence, few schools have the possibility to take advantage of the available engineering and instructors tend to avoid this new tool. The intent of this work is to demo whether the usage of computing machines and the Internet stimulates pupils to larn a foreign linguistic communication and assist them to develop the different macro accomplishments expeditiously. Expectations are directed towards the activities that scholars are able to make with engineering that they would non be able to make without it. The findings of this research will convey valuable foundations to reflect upon the advantages of presenting computing machine assisted linguistic communication acquisition ( CALL ) in the procedure of instruction and larning a foreign linguistic communication. Literature reappraisal The functions of computing machines in the schoolroom The integrating of computing machines in instruction has been discussed widely and much attending has been devoted to their function in the schoolrooms. The first execution of computing machines in instruction was around the sixtiess but their usage was really limited. From that clip onwards, the developments of computing machines grew and the function it has in instruction presents is that of an instructional tool for presenting information that can excite instruction and acquisition. Computer assisted linguistic communication acquisition ( CALL ) is going a relevant country and might assist instructors to actuate pupils to larn through engineering. Bergel and Gonzalez ( 2009 ) states that web-based tools might provide for existent life communicative demands, and they allow pupils to go more independent and to interact with other scholars, instructors and society in general. It has besides been stated that â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ certain types of scholars may be better suited to some CALL stuffs than other pupils † ( Chapelle & A ; Jamieson, 1986, p. 27 ) . The writers assured that pupils who are non field independent, for illustration, show a important penchant for utilizing CALL. There are three phases of Computer assisted linguistic communication larning identifiable in recent old ages. Harmonizing to Warschauer ( 1996 ) , there exists three stages of Call: Behavioristic: is based on behaviorist larning theory, and it focuses on insistent linguistic communication drills. In this phase, the computing machine is viewed as a coach moving as a medium for directing instructions and stuffs to pupils. Communicative: The 2nd stage of CALL emerged in the! 970s and 1980s when the communicative attack to the instruction of a foreign linguistic communication was in trend. This phase emerged when pedagogues felt that the boring attack did non let plenty reliable communicating. The computing machine is used for accomplishment pattern, but at that place no boring techniques are used. There is more learner pick, control and interaction. Now, the accent is on larning as a originative procedure of find, look and development. â€Å" In this instance, the intent of the CALL activity is non so much to hold pupils detect the right reply, but instead to excite pupils ‘ treatment, composing, or critical thought † ( Warschauer, 1996, p. 3 ) . Integrative: it focuses on a societal o socio-cognitive position of acquisition. The usage of linguistic communication in a more reliable context is emphasised, which encourages pupils to build intending utilizing computing machines. This stage is based on two of import technological developments: multimedia and the Internet. Multimedia engineering, brings many advantages and it can merely be found in a computing machine. â€Å" What makes multimedia even more powerful is that it besides entails interactive multimedia. That means that the multimedia resources are all linked together and that scholars can voyage their ain way merely by indicating and snaping a mouse † ( Warschauer, 1996, p. 4 ) . The Internet with the Web 2.0 offers all users the possibility to make, upload and edit texts, besides other synergistic tools. Learners can make and interchange information freely. The development from one phase to another does non intend the rejection of the old phase. All of them are integrated and complement to each other. At present, CALL is in trend and many research workers have agreed on the advantages it gives to larn a foreign linguistic communication. It is noticeable that CALL might give the possibility to larn a linguistic communication as it can be â€Å" a coach which offers linguistic communication drills or skill pattern ; a stimulation for treatment and interaction ; or a tool for composing and research. With the coming of the Internet, it can besides be a medium of planetary communicating and a beginning of illimitable reliable stuffs † ( Warschauer, 1996, p. 7 ) . As said by Garret ( 1991 ) , computing machines can â€Å" function a assortment of utilizations for linguistic communication instruction but the usage of the computing machine does non represent a method but a medium in which a assortment of methods, attacks, and pedagogical doctrines may be implemented † ( p. 75 ) . Teachers appear to be the 1s who are responsible for presenting new technological methods to their categories and guide pupils towards a better acquisition. Computers as instruction and acquisition tools Reading and vocabulary: utilizing computing machines in the schoolroom for reading, which include articles taken from the Internet, might back up the development of reading accomplishments among pupils. Kasper ( 2000 ) states that these reading stuffs which are taken from the Internet supply a assortment of modern, reliable texts if compared to stuffs sourced from text editions. As some research workers have conducted assorted surveies on the usage of engineering in foreign linguistic communication instruction, there is one empirical survey which showed that two dissimilar group of pupils were given the same linguistic communication activity, but in different manners: in the traditional pen-and-paper format and utilizing computing machines. After the activity, Bruce & A ; Levin ( 1997 ) were able to place the different grades of motive towards both undertakings reasoning that computer-assisted version of the activity was found more extremely actuating and good for the group of scholars which were observed. The accomplishment of authorship, for illustration, is at present the topic of a considerable sum of research. Mills ( 1996 ) affirms that composing is chiefly a societal act concerned foremost and first with knowledge and ever associated to context. In general, composing seems to be a lone act in which pupils by and large fulfil an assignment either at place or at school to be handed in to their instructors. â€Å" The societal facets of authorship are diminished when there is a limitation on the societal infinite where readers and authors come together † ( Mills, 1996, p. 2 ) . Therefore, utilizing the tools that the cyberspace is offering might assist to foreshorten the distance between authors and readers. Communication with native talkers allows scholars to rehearse specific accomplishments such as discussing, inquiring for elucidation, negociating significance, carrying others, clear uping different facets, inquiring for information, etcetera. Warschauer and Meskill ( 2000 ) province that â€Å" Computer based treatment which takes topographic point outside the schoolroom increases pupils ‘ chances to pass on in another forum, affording both general linguistic communication pattern and pattern in composing † ( p. 8 ) . Harmonizing to Larson ( 1999 ) , the transactional nature of the Internet and the pedagogical relevancy of state-of-the-art web-based synergistic engineerings make web-based direction a feasible vehicle for foreign linguistic communication instruction. There could more research done in this country to farther look into the option of utilizing the Internet to ease foreign linguistic communication acquisition and therefore, chief findings will function as sharing research-based cognition which will enrich the different probes that have been done so far. Bergel and Gonzalez ( Ibid. ) argues that word-processors, web logs, wikis and electronic mails among others seem to lend to the acquisition of a foreign linguistic communication and increase pupils ‘ motive advancing contact with reliable linguistic communication. Computers ought to be integrated in the school environment as it has become an progressively of import characteristic of the acquisition state of affairs for pupils in general, every bit good as a important component to the instruction of a foreign linguistic communication and that is the ground why instructors should happen a manner to present it in the teaching-learning state of affairs The innovation of the printing imperativeness has transformed the rational life of the universe and has improved the acquisition conditions. By the same item, computing machines have done a similar work presents for, with the chink of a mouse, we are able to see what is taking topographic point in the universe. Therefore, Larson ( Ibid. ) claims that it is highly important to see these chances that engineering offers to the educational system taking history of the pupils ‘ degree that is the most suited in each state of affairs. In the present survey, the advantages of utilizing engineering for larning a foreign linguistic communication will be discussed, seeking to show such advantages upon a group of scholars. What function does the teacher ( instructor ) drama in this facet, and how of import is the teacher ‘s presence? What is the engineering ‘s consequence on the acquisition of the foreign linguistic communication and accomplishments? Do pupils bask the experience and feel motivated? Do pupils comprehend that they improved their accomplishment or public presentation in larning with the aid of engineering? The replies to these inquiries will be examined in the present research.

Using Technology Wisely in Schools essays

Using Technology Wisely in Schools essays Wenglinskys publisher is Teachers College Press, and in fact, Wenglinsky is a research scientist, advocate for the modernization of schools and teacher who has testified before the U.S. House of Representatives on school issues that have nothing to do with technology. His book offers both wisdom and practicality, and he suggests that of the two philosophies styles of teaching, didactic and constructivist, when embracing computer technologies in classroom, the best approach is constructivist. In fact, the word constructivist appears continually in his book. Constructivist is the best policy first of all because, as he writes on pages 8-9 of his Introduction, the teachers role is not to hand out drills as assignments and sit in front of her own computer playing solitaire (the didactic approach). In fact the teacher as a constructivist will use computers as a tool to concretize concepts; this opens the door to the teachers opportunity to try to convey the initial abstraction in a way that students will then convey to one another. The constructivist teacher uses technology correctly and hence teaches students complex problem-solving skills in an iterative process that moves from abstractions to concrete examples, where students control most of the learning process, Wenglinsky writes on page 11. Basically, he is saying teachers trained properly in technology can empower students to think and problem-solve on their own. That having been pointed out, Wenglinsky wonders, What is the value-added of the technology above and beyond good teaching? The answer is that computers are like language, Wenglinsky continues; and instructors and teachers are working at the highest level of efficiency when they speak the same language, and employ the tools that can make a better future for all. In his Chapter 1, the author runs through the legislation and st...

How to Convert Feet to Inches

How to Convert Feet to Inches Feet (ft) and inches (in) are two units of length, most commonly used in the United States. The units are used in schools, daily life, art, and some areas of science and engineering. The feet to inches conversion is useful and important, so heres the formula and examples that show how to convert feet to inches and inches to feet. Feet to Inches Formula This conversion isnt quite as easy as converting between metric units, which are simply factors of 10, but its not difficult. The conversion factor is: 1 foot 12 inches distance in inches (distance in feet) x (12 inches/foot) So, to convert a measurement in feet to inches, all you need to do is multiply the number by 12. This is an exact number, so if youre working with significant figures, it wont limit them. Feet to Inches Example Lets say you measure a room and find it is 12.2 feet across. Find the number in inches. length in inches length in feet x 12length 12.2 ft x 12length 146.4 or 146 inches Converting Inches to Feet Since all you do is multiply by 12 to convert feet to inches, it should make sense to you that all you do to convert inches to feet is divide by 12. The conversion factor is the same: 12 inches 1 foot distance in feet (distance in inches) / (12 inches/foot) Inches to Feet Example You measure your laptop and find the screen is 15.4 inches across. What is this in feet? distance in feet (distance in inches) / (12 inches/foot)distance 15.4 in / 12 in/ftdistance 1.28 feet Important Information for Unit Conversions with Division One of the most common areas of confusion when doing unit conversions involving division concerns unit cancelling. When youre converting inches to feet, you divide by 12 in/ft. This is the same as multiplying by ft/in! Its one of those rules you use when multiplying fractions that a lot of people forget about when dealing with units. When you divide by a fraction, the denominator (part on the bottom) moves to the top, while the numerator (part on the top) moves to the bottom. Thus, the units cancel out to give you the desired answer.

A field trip to Point Reyes National Seashore and Lighthouse Assignment

A field trip to Point Reyes National Seashore and Lighthouse - Assignment Example California Highway 1 is one of the routes one can take people to the Point Reyes lighthouse. Highway 1 passes through very fragile hillsides in Big Sur region and one gets the impression that they might be trapped in a rock or mud slide. The area between Gorda and Lucia seems to have the most delicate hillsides. California Highway one is classified as one of the most dangerous highways in the state and consequently the state has set several safety rules for drivers using this road; the road meanders through the landscape. It also passes around the edges of steep slopes and this makes it seem even more dangerous. Point Reyes National Seashore is full of numerous wonderful features. The place has no mountains but is hilly. Other interesting features are windswept the beach, marshes, estuaries, coastal scrub grassland, and coniferous forests. Forested ridges are very beautiful as I could view vast regions from a single point. River Trail passes near the Point Reyes National Seashore. It is a source of drinking water to wild animals living around the area but also decorates the landscape. In the Point Reyes National park, there are numerous plant varieties and animal species. Of all these, I found the deer the most interesting. There are three deer species which are black-tailed deer, tule elk and fallow deer. They are very interesting to watch as they run up and down in the field. It is very easy to distinguish the three species from a distance as they have clear distinguishing features. The fallow deer is non-native as it was imported from the Californian mainland. It is the most beautiful of all with well combined white and brown colors. They are well adapted to the ecosystem and they make the entire environment beautiful. Driving through the beautiful landscape made me seem to have reached the end of my tour but when I reached the lighthouse, everything changed. It was clear from a

The Legalization of Same-sex Marriages Research Paper

The Legalization of Same-sex Marriages - Research Paper Example This can be seen as an extension of the discrimination that homosexual individuals have to face in the society. The lack of legalization also results in a lesser number of families amongst the homosexual communities across the world. In a society that still does not recognize any other social unit as much as the family, the lack of recognition for homosexual families can result in psychological problems that may lead to many problems for the individuals involved. This paper shall look at the psychological aspect of the problem and argue that the problems faced by such couples has a lot to do with the lack of legal recognition that they receive at the hands of the state and religious groups that they may be a part of. This paper shall examine the different aspects of the problem at hand and attempt to look at the perspectives that different groups endorse as far as same-sex marriage is concerned. There are several arguments that are used against the institutionalization of gay marriag es. One of the most important of such arguments is advanced by religious conservatives who argue that there is a need to improve the health of the institution of marriage. They cite the high divorce rates and the general lack of belief that the youth of today demonstrates in marriage as reasons for it to be preserved as a bastion of heterosexual normativity (Overview of Same-Sex Marriage in the United States). In many of these arguments is visible a strain of religious orthodoxy that bestows n heterosexual marriages the mantle of legitimacy. What is important here is that in such arguments, a marriage is defined as one where there is a certain level of productivity. It is true that same-sex marriages do not result in a traditional production of children. It therefore, is against conventional ideas of a marriage where one of the most important aspects is that of procreation. Heterosexual marriages, according to those who oppose same-sex marriages, weaken the foundations of marriage a s a social institution. While looking at children as only part of the reason for marriage, one removes the focus from marriage as an institution meant for procreation. This results in a greater emphasis on individuality and this weakens the concept of the couple as a sacrosanct unit. This can then be considered to be a reason for the frequent breakups of marriages and the condition that children of such marriages find themselves in. Another argument against the implementation of the clause of same-sex marriages is that it is considered to be too divisive to take up. This can be seen in the reluctance that certain institutions of the state have in pursuing it to a logical conclusion (Hope and fear in gay marriage cases at high court). There is a chance that there may be chaos in the violence that may result from the implementation of such a decision. Here, violence is not meant in merely a physical sense. The mental and psychological stress that may result in the people who are homos exual and live amongst a largely heterosexual community is something that is avoidable. Thus, there is the fear of a backlash from communities who feel that their sentiments are not taken into account by the state. This may lead to the breaking of neighborhoods and relationships that are forged without taking into account the sexual orientation of a person. The importance of such relationships cannot be disregarded as they result in many transactions that an individual is a part of.  Ã‚  

Quiz 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Quiz 1 - Essay Example These cultural differences accounts for the different modes of fighting where the Chinese use massed infantry technique, while the Western European applied the armed chariot technique (Paret, Craig& Gilbert, 1986). Therefore, it is possible that China would not have fought the way Europe fought between the 16th and 18th century, but would have rather organized the warfare into a major conflict that would have resolved the series of problems the Western Europe was addressing all this time. The most important principles among the nine principles of war were the objective principle, which requires the military to focus the warfare on a direct, well defined and attainable objective as well as the mass principle, requiring the combat power to be concentrated at one decisive place and time of war (Sawyer, 1993). On the other hand, the European most important principle was the offensive principle; providing for the military to seize and exploit any loophole or chance created by the enemy and the manoeuvre principle, requiring the military to place the enemy at a disadvantaged position through manipulative combat power (Paret, Craig& Gilbert, 1986). Nevertheless, after the Military Revolution, these emphases changed in Europe, and the principle of war as a continuation of politics was adopted, thus making the European wars henceforth political, for example the first and the second world wars were purely political wars (Paret, Craig& Gilbert, 1986). Warfare is both an art and a science. It is an art that entails the actual method of fighting, for example the Maoist mass infantry armed fighting art (Sawyer, 1993). It is also a science since it entails the science of war strategy formulation, for example, the Clausewitz war strategy (Paret, Craig& Gilbert, 1986). The argument that the West has demonstrated consistent military superiority since the Golden Age of Greece is partly

Globalisation: Homogenisation or Diversification?

Globalisation: Homogenisation or Diversification? Yannick Buitenhuis Introduction Globalisation has brought changes and has increased global interaction. This growing interconnectedness has led to the movement of ideas, values, ways of living and attitudes across the world. Despite that the interaction between culture and globalisation is not a new one, this process of cultural globalisation has brought forth a relatively recent debate about its outcomes for the world (Hassi Storti, 2012, p. 3 7). The debate revolves around two diverse trends that cultural globalisation can bring, namely if the globalisation is homogenising, or differentiating the world. In line with Nederveen Pietserse (1996, p. 137), these are not the only trends that can be distinguished, but are probably two of the main ones. This paper will therefore focus itself on this debate by discussing both sides and will keep the following question in mind: Is globalisation cultural homogenising or differentiating the world we live in? The discussion brings the arguments of both sides to the light and will be elaborated on the basis of some worldwide and local holidays. Subsequently, my own opinion about the matter of cultural globalisation is given in the conclusion to answer the above question. Discussion As earlier mentioned, the discussion will focus on two different views in the debate of cultural globalisation. The two views can be seen as each other opposites. The first that will be discussed will be the idea of homogenisation. Subsequently, the idea of differentiation will be discussed. Both views will be elaborated at the hand of holidays that are celebrated across the world. Homogenisation The first interpretation of the process of cultural globalization is the idea that as a cause of technological innovation, commercial and cultural synchronisation arising from the ‘West’, the world is becoming more the ‘same’, more standardised and more uniform (Nederveen Pieterse, 1993, p. 265). Homogenisation brings about a world that is becoming overwhelmed by forces making for sameness that is the global standardisation of culture and institutional structures (Robertson White, 2003, p. 15). This concepts argues that the connections between geographical places and cultural experience are being weakened by the dynamics of globalisation and that the feeling of spatial distance is wearing down (Hassi Storti, 2012, p. 9). A key assumption is that of cultural imperialism, the idea that a few Western societies or the society of the United States carry out their culture upon the world (Ritzer as cited by: Kuhn, 2009, p. 56). The transnational expansion of common codes and practices is the cultural element of this process and can be related to the concept of consumer culture. By adopting the Western/American example, cultures and consumption practices are becoming globally more the same (Kuhn, 2009, p. 56). This can also be related to the spread of some holidays. For example, people worldwide buy a rose for their love on Valentine’s Day in February. This (commercial) aspect of this holiday blown over from the Anglo-American world is now part of many cultures in the world. Another example is Halloween. People worldwide dress themselves in costumes and are decorating their houses with pumpkins and cobwebs. Special events are also organised revolving around Halloween, for instance the Halloween Fright Nights in amusement park Walibi in Biddinghuizen. So in this case, one could indeed argue that some aspects of (western) culture are being spread across the world and are carried out upon other cultures. The same holidays are being celebrated and their practice is the same worldwide. Differentiation The second interpretation is the opposite of homogenization. Differentiation assumes that the world is becoming diverse and focuses on the diversification between places. Individuals and groups have influence on globalisation and globalisation copes with and is characterised by a diversity of reactions. The idea rejects that this process establishes a homogenisation of cultures resulting from one way interaction from Western cultures (Hassi Storti, 2012, p. 7; Kuhn, 2009, p. 58). Also, Ritzer (as cited by: Hassi Storti, 2012, p. 7) argued that differentiation relates to barriers which prevent flows that contribute in making cultures look the same. Cultures will therefore stay different form each other and cultural differentiation will stay in a globalising world. Practices of other cultures are present in different cultures, but will stay within the margins of local and national cultures. Thus, different global and local cultures will coexist next to each other. Only the criteria t hat cultural groups use to define their identity and to differentiate from others can change (Hassi Storti, 2012, p. 8). The intensification of flows across cultures causes a more inwardly appearing world. Local cultures can indeed be affected by globalisation and its flows, and this can influence the transformation of cultures, but the core of the culture will remain intact (Ritzer, 2010. Cited by: Hassi Storti, 2012, p. 7). Even so, these multi-directional global flows and world processes do not wipe out local cultures, but they modify some of their characteristics and strengthen others (Hassi Storti, 2012, p. 8). The strengthening of some characteristics can come hand in hand with an attempt to differentiate from the global or a form of resistance against the forces of globalisation (Kuhn, 2009, p. 59). Link to this, the fact that Valentine’s Day is banned in the Middle-East since 2008, because it does not fit in the Islamic world (BBC News, 2008). Also, cultural groups will react differently to these forces and will develop differently, different environments ask for different efforts to a dapt. Just like that there are holidays that are global, there are also national and local holidays. For instance, only in the Netherlands and Belgium people celebrate ‘Sinterklaas’. Even with the debate revolving around ‘Zwarte Piet’ and reactions from other countries, a lot of people in the Netherlands embrace the holiday as part of their culture. Reactions were mixed, when it came to the public attention that the UN, a global institution, came to investigate this cultural heritage for racism in 2013, which even strengthened the will for some to celebrate Sinterklaas even more. Another holiday that connected to a culture is the celebration of New Year in the Asian world. Instead of the first of January, many Asians celebrate New Year according to the lunar calendar. Or another example, Thanksgivings Day in Northern America. These examples show that despite the flows of globalisation, some holidays do not cross over and are related to specific cultures, because o f the deep historical roots and context. So, globalisation cannot fully eradicate a culture and its core features which characterises it and does not always spread certain cultural aspects out across the world. Conclusion Two different views are present in the debate revolving around cultural globalization. At the one hand, the view that globalisation is homogenising, and at the other hand the view that it is differentiating. Therefore, in the introduction was asked if: globalisation is cultural homogenising or differentiating the world we live in? In my own opinion, cultures can be seen as dynamic and therefore undergo certain changes over time and are exposed to external forces. Globalisation, time-space compression and technological innovation have made global interaction easier and, thus, interaction between different cultures is taking place. Indeed different characteristic of cultures, mostly Western, are being copied al around the world and some facets in cultures are becoming the same, look at Valentine’s Day or Halloween. So, there are indeed some homogenising effects of globalisation. But my opinion is also in line with what Hassi Storti told, namely that the core of cultures will not let itself as easy influenced. A culture can be seen as concentric circles. The outer rings of a culture can be influenced easier, like some consumption patterns, but this is different for the core. Some aspects are not so easy changed or blown over to others, because they are historical rooted and/or do not fit in other cultures, like Sinterklaas, New Year in Asia or Thanksgiving. There are still cultural differentiations in the world. Thereby, I reason that just like cultures differ, their reactions on aspects of other cultures also differ. Aspects that are recognisable and stand close to their own culture will be embraced, but other aspects can be cast away. People can influence globalisation and there is, like Kuhn said, a diversity in reactions. In this way globalisation can be seen as ‘the wind’ in a Chinese proverb, and when it blows, some build walls, while othe rs build windmills (European Commision, 2013). References BBC News (2008), Saduis Clamp Down on Valentines. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7239005.stm. Last used on: 5 October 2014. European Commision (2013), The Commissioners (2010-2014): Connie Hedegaard’s articles. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/hedegaard/headlines/articles/2013-07-05_01_en.htm. Last used on: 5 October 2014. Hassi, A. Storti, G. (2012), Globalization and Culture: The Three H Scenarios. In: H. Cuadra-Montiel (ed.), Globalization: Approaches to Diversity, pp. 3-20. Rijeka (HR): InTech. Kuhn, K. (2009), Consumerist Lifestyles in the Context of Globalization: Investigating Scenarios of Homogenization, Diversification and Hybridization. In: H. Lange L. Meier (eds.), The New Middle Classes, pp. 49-64. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media businesses Nederveen Pieterse, J. (1993), Globalization as Hybridization. Working Paper 152. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies. Nederveen Pieterse, J. (1996), Globalisation and Culture: Three Paradigms. In: Mansbach, R.W. E. Rhodes (eds.), Introducing Globalization: Analysis and Readings, pp. 135-144. London: Sage. Ritzer, G. (2004), The Globalization of Nothing. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press. Robertson, R., White, K. E. (2003), Globalization: An overview. In: R. Robertson, K. E. White (eds.), Globalization: Critical concepts in sociology, pp. 1–45. London: Routledge. Tomlinson, J. (2003), Globalization and Cultural Identity. In: Held, McGrew, Goldblatt Perraton (eds.), The Global Transformation Reader, pp. 269-277. : Cambridge (UK): Polity Press. Xincus (2014), A National Study: Becoming the Chamber of the Future. http://www.xincus.com/Survey. Last used: 5 October 2014.

The Salem Witch Trials :: American America History

The Salem Witch Trials Why do you hurt these children? I do not hurt them. I scorn it. Have you made no contract with the devil? No! Mr. John Hathorn, a Judge involved in the witchcraft case of Sarah Good, then asked all of the afflicted children to look upon her and see if this was the person that had hurt them so. They all gazed at Goody Good and said that this was the person that tormented them-presently they were all tormented. Puritanical beliefs had all of Salem truly believing that witches rode on broomsticks across the sky every night alongside the devil himself. They believed that these mere humans could send their "specter" out and haunt the children of their town. Proof of their belief follows, in an excerpt from Cotton Mather's Memorable Providences: Go tell Mankind, that there are Devils and Witches; and that tho those night-birds least appear where the Day-light of the Gospel comes, yet New-Engl. has had Exemples of their Existence and Operation; and that no only the Wigwams of Indians, where the pagan Powaws often raise their masters, in the shapes of Bears and Snakes and Fires, but the House of Christians, where our God has had his constant Worship, have undergone the Annoyance of Evil spirits. Go tell the world, What Prays can do beyond all Devils and Witches, and What it is that these Monsters love to do; and through the Demons in the Audience of several standers-by threatned much disgrace to thy Author, if he let thee come abroad, yet venture That, and in this way seek a just Revenge on Them for the Disturbance they have given to such as have called on the Name of God. Rebecca Nurse Goody Nurse was a highly regarded, pious pillar of the community who unfortunately could not withstand the power of hysteria. There were many reasons that Rebecca was accused, but it was mostly the hatred exhibited towards her by the Putnam family. She was against Samuel Parris as Reverend of the Salem Town Church, while the Putnam family was his friend, and her husband was at war with the Putnam family estate over some land. Rebecca exuded a saint-like presence over the dark days of the witch-hunt. After her accusation, thirty-nine of the most prominent leaders of the community signed a petition attesting to Rebecca's goodness of heart. Even one of her original accusers, Jonathan Putnam, put his name to the appeal.

Quality Culture

There are many differences between a quality culture and a traditional culture. While we are preparing policies and applying quality culture, we need to appreciate these differences and plan accordingly. There will be an evaluation between the differences of quality culture and a traditional culture. Quality culture is basically incorporation of quality in the overall system of an organization which leads to a positive internal environment and creation of delighted customers. Traditional culture consists of the beliefs and practices held or observed by specific human groups that have been passed down from their ancestors through their grand-parents, parents and the society around them. Within religion, it is holding or observing certain festivals. Within a community it is behaving or acting in a way that has been regularly done in the past specifically in that particular part of the world. In business, we have the practices that we presently use and the practices that we have had from past vision statements. The business of focus in this paper is Walmart. There are certain factors that will allow the company to be evaluated under the quality and traditional cultures. Sam Walton started Walmart in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. He started his operating philosophy slogan to be â€Å"People First. † Sam Walton believed in the catering to the customer. The slogans that come along afterwards are â€Å"Save Money. Live Better,† replacing â€Å"Always low prices. † The world's largest retailer said its first new ad tagline in 19 years comes as the company is incorporating more of an emotional tone into its advertising (usatoday 2007). Reference http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/2375.html

Positive Reinforcement for Children Essay

From a very early age, children begin to learn about the association between behaviors and consequences. They realize that there is always going to be a consequence whether it’d be positive or negative, that would follow the behavior. Sometimes children behave very well and most of the time, children tend to give parents and others around them a hard time. When it comes to behavior modification, some basic steps include identifying the behavior, setting expectations, monitoring progress, and reinforcing correct behaviors. Positive reinforcement has a lot of effect on children when it comes to modifying a targeted behavior. A reinforcer, which can be either positive or negative, is defined as an event, stimulus, or condition that, when presented immediately following a behavior causes an increase in frequency of the behavior (Martin, G., & Pear, J., 2011 p 32). Positive Reinforcement for Children There are various opinions concerning the value of positive reinforcement when discussing modifying behaviors of young children (Sigler, E., & Aamidor, S., 1990). Children will always need guidance in good behavior, and it is a parent’s duty to provide this guidance. Parents can model good behavior and discuss with their children what constitutes good behavior, but it is helping children act on their own that will allow them to understand what is appropriate and what is not in a variety of situations. Everyone likes to be praised and children are no different. When children display good behavior, parents should acknowledge their actions by congratulating their children on their decisions. Such positive reinforcements allow children to connect that what they did has made their parents happy, and therefore was the correct choice. For example, when a child puts his toys away without being asked, having a parent say â€Å"Well done!† and giving him a cuddle will help him connect that putting toys away is a good decision. However, parents should not confuse positive reinforcement with bribery. There is definitely a difference between a reward and a bribe. If you have specific expectations for a child, such as getting their homework done before playtime or cleaning their room up each evening, you should never offer bribes to get them to do these things. They need to learn that it is their responsibility to do these things. However, if your child does something exceptionally well, such as getting a good grade on a particularly hard test, then you should celebrate and reward their achievements. This will help the child learn that there are certain things that are simply expected of them, but that going â€Å"above and beyond† has its own rewards. Children should be not be offered rewards in the hopes that they will act in a certain manner, and positive consequences should never be offered before a behavior is carried out. If it is, then parents cannot know for sure whether a child acted a certain way because it was the right thing to do or because he was told to act a certain way and promised a prize for doing so. It is essential, prior to any discussion concerning modification of behaviors, to differentiate between ‘praise’ and ‘positive reinforcement’. In the most classic definition, positive reinforcement is a method of identifying to children which behaviors are acceptable and appropriate and which are not. More specifically, the use of positive reinforcement is the act of identifying and encouraging a behavior, with the hopes that the desired behavior will increase (Burden, 2003). The theory is that any behavior followed by a pleasant stimulus is likely to be repeated (Westen, 1999). This ‘pleasant stimulus’ can be anything ‘nice’ and can also include a multitude of other positive responses (Alberto & Troutman, 1990). There are several different ways to use positive reinforcement. At the basic level, you can consider the use of natural reinforcement, social reinforcement, token reinforcement, and tangible reinforcement. All of these entail delivering a specific consequence following a desired behavior that increases the likelihood that the behavior will continue or increase in the future. Although praise is one of many forms of positive reinforcement, it is by no means the only or even the best choice when working with young children. Educators often use praise interchangeably with positive reinforcement when indeed an important distinction must be made between the two (Strain & Joseph, 2004). Consistency is very important when interacting with a child. One must stick to the rules once they’ve been made, and don’t allow the child to do something one day and then not let them do it the next. Don’t confuse a child with unimportant decisions, and remember that it’s often necessary to tell a child something more than one time. Speak clearly, and make sure that what you’ve said is understood. Above all, always maintain a positive attitude, because it’s a sure bet that they will be imitating you. Children look to adults, parents, and teachers for approval in order to confirm that the behaviors they are exhibiting are ones that are desired (Lawhon & Lawhon, 2000). By acknowledging the child’s behavior as appropriate we teach the child which behaviors are preferred over others (Bukatko & Daehler, 2001). As primitive as it may seem, most small children behave in a rather random manner repeating behaviors that get a desired or positive reaction. Some children, by chance or intuition, behave in an appropriate manner and some do not. If their ‘reinforcement’ is attention at all costs, then whatever attention given, even if directed toward a negative behavior, will increase the likelihood that behavior will be repeated (Sternberg, 1998). Young children are egocentric. Young children, especially under the age of four, have a very difficult time understanding how someone else feels (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2002). This doesn’t mean that kids are plain selfish but simply that their cognitive development is not sophisticated enough to understand their own emotions, much less someone else’s. They are unable to take the perspective of someone else and understand another’s feelings (Leong & Bodrova, 2003). As children get older they begin to learn what pleases others, but it is a gradual process that takes time (Swick, 2001). Positive reinforcement doesn’t suddenly work over night you need to grasp the child’s mind into thinking if â€Å"I do what I am told I will get a treat†. The first week or so may be a little unstable, you’ll find the child demanding treats or most of all once they have their treat they become disobedient. All you need to do is give a little understanding on the issue â€Å"if you’re nasty you won’t get any more treats†. Never give into your disciplined parenting, your child will kick, cry and scream waiting for you to give in so don’t show them any signs of cracking, the second you give in they are in control and the ladder is then twice as harder to climb to the top. People tend to wonder from time to time, if positive reinforcement is truly effective. There are four key elements to positive reinforcement that must be emphasized. 1. Reinforcement serves to increase a desired behavior, while the goal of punishment is to decrease an undesired behavior (Jackson & Panyan, 2002). It is important to acknowledge that adults have a keen understanding that an undesirable behavior has an opposing desirable one. 2. There is a phenomenon known as ‘‘extinction burst’’ (Ormrod, 1999). This is the rapid production of a behavior once the reinforcement is taken away. 3. It is important to identify positive reinforcers that are easily and quickly attainable. Giving stickers or candy is not always feasible or desirable. That is why positive attention itself is sometimes the best choice. 4. Ignoring unwanted behaviors is a key, but it is essential to stop dangerous or injurious behaviors immediately. To sum it all up, It is true that when a child is engaged in a creative activity, like drawing or painting, if you indicate, ‘‘I like the color blue you are using,’’ you will indeed get an entire page of the color blue. The important point is to understand why that would happen (Sigler, E., & Aamidor, S., 1990). This does not happen because the child sees value in his/ her own activities or because the child is dependent on an adult’s approval. In fact, this happens because what was said to the child pleased him/her and the child wants to be a part of the life and the activities that interest you. But when it comes to everyday behaviors in aversive situations that need to be modified it is better to positively reinforce. The simple rule is: whatever you attend to is what you get. If you reinforce good behavior (whatever is desirable in your eyes) by giving praise and other kinds of positive attention, children will deliver more good behavior.